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Medico-legal risk of infectious disease physicians in Canada: A retrospective review

This study identifies the causes of medico-legal risk for infectious disease specialists in Canada, with the goal of improving patient safety and outcomes.

Abstract

Objectives: There is little known about the medico-legal risk for infectious disease specialists in Canada. The objective of this study was to identify the causes of these medico-legal risks with the goal of improving patient safety and outcomes.

Methods: A 10-year retrospective analysis of Canadian Medical Protective Association (CMPA) closed medico-legal cases from 2012 to 2021 was performed. Peer expert criticism was used to identify factors that contributed to the medico-legal cases at the provider, team or system level, and were contrasted with the patient complaint.

Results: During the study period there were 571 infectious disease physician members of the CMPA. There were 96 patient medico-legal cases: 45 College complaints, 40 civil legal matters and 11 hospital complaints. Ten cases were associated with severe patient harm or death. Patients were most likely to complain about perceived deficient assessments (54%), diagnostic errors (53%), inadequate monitoring or follow up (20%) and unprofessional manner (20%). In contrast, peer experts were most critical of the areas of diagnostic assessment (20%), deficient assessment (10%), failure to perform test/intervention (8%) and failure to refer (6%).

Conclusions: While infectious disease physicians tend to have lower medico-legal risks compared to other healthcare providers, these risks still do exist. This descriptive study provides insights into the types of cases, presenting conditions, and patient allegations associated with their practice.

Reference

Pacheco K, Ji J, Barbosa K, Lemay K, Fortier JH, Garber G. Medico-legal risk of infectious disease physicians in Canada: A retrospective review. Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada [Online] 8, 4 pp. 319-327 (December 2023). doi: 10.3138/jammi-2023-0022